Essay on Prison Gangs Gangs and Security Threat Group...

One of the major problems of corrections today is the security threat group - more commonly known as the prison gang. A security threat group (STG) can be defined as any group of offenders who pose a treat to the security and physical safety of the institution. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, prison gangs focused primarily on uniting inmates for self protection and the monopolization of illegal prison activities for monetary gain (F.B.P., 1994, p. 2). STGs are mostly divided along racial lines and practiced defiance towards authority. STGs use a variety of hand signs, alphabet codes, tattoos, and different types of gang terminology. Gangs characteristically have rivals and make an alliance with other gangs. The criminal activity†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sponsorship is mandatory, and only after acceptance may an inmate identify himself with a tattoo or patch† (Ralph, 1997, p.185). Most gangs utilize a â€Å"blood in, blood out basis for gang membership: A wo uld-be member must stab a gang’s enemy in order to be admitted, and once in cannot drop out without endangering his own life† (Clear and Cole, 2000, p.260). Besides killing a rival there are other ways to enter the gang and receive acceptance. Those ways include, but are not limited to, assaulting an officer, doing drug deals, or â€Å"catching a cell† which means to go into a cell with members of the gang for which the recruit is trying to enter and fighting against them to determine if the prospective member can â€Å"hold his own†. These methods of entrance are what contribute to a large majority of the prison violence. The past prison experience relied on â€Å"the order and stability provided by the old inmate subculture (which) has been replaced by an atmosphere of conflict and tension, in which inmates align themselves into competing gangs and other inmate organizations† (Bohm and Haley, 1999, p. 351). The gang culture is also based on l oyalty and trust of fellow members, such as a â€Å"united as one† attitude. This attitude has brought up confidence in offenders, but helped to diminish the effectiveness of the authority of the correctional officers. With the problem of gangs in hand, many states haveShow MoreRelatedSecurity Threat Groups/Gangs in Prisons Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: SECURITY THREAT GROUPS/GANGS IN PRISONS Security Threat Groups/Gangs in Prisons Nicole Sage Kaplan University CJ130-03 Nancy Thode January 18, 2011 Security Threat Groups/Gangs in Prisons In our prison systems today, many different gangs pose a threat to our correctional staff and other inmates. In the United States, gangs exist in forty of the fifty states. These gangs bring violence, drug trafficking and racial unrest to our correctional system. The Aryan BrotherhoodRead More Gangs and Violence in The Prison System Essay2007 Words   |  9 PagesGangs and Violence in the Prison System Introduction Gang violence is nationwide and is one of the most prominent problems in the prison system today. Gangs are known to attempt to control the prisons/jails, instill fear within the prison system and throughout the society, and bring negative attention to the system. â€Å"Gang affiliated inmates comprise about 18 percent of the 18000 inmate population.†(Seabrook) A growing numbers of inmates and a large amount of them serving longer sentences forRead MoreGang Violence : Effects On Recidivism Through Rehabilitation Programs1533 Words   |  7 Pages Gang violence: Effects on recidivism through rehabilitation programs The Problem In recent discussions of gang violence in prison, a controversial issue has been whether programs can lower recidivism rates. On the one hand, some argue that Gang violence can not be deterred from this perspective, it is understandable to see where society could see how gangs could be a lost cause. On the other hand, however, others argue that there is a possibility to help change them for the better and it can startRead MoreGang Violence On Our Streets1514 Words   |  7 Pages Gang Violence In Our Streets Gang violence has been around for a long time all the way back to the 1800 and have greatly increased all around the globe ever since. Gangs are a group of people that fight and kill other gangs over turf,money,pride, and drugs. People usually join gangs from around the age of 8 to the age 20. Most gang members join because they have been abused by their parents or because they don t have a family. Gangs treat each other like a family,Read MoreA Formal Description For A Youth Gang1503 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals may enter into groups that society often refers to as gangs. It is accurate to say that gangs contribute immensely to crime and delinquency however, to say that this is the purpose of all gangs would be misleading. Gangs should instead be seen as existing on a continuum, some ranging from groups of peers who spend time together and may get into trouble, to others who participate in more serious crimes (Gorden, 2000, p. 4). In terms of a specific definition for a gang, t here really is not oneRead MoreSubculture: Prison and Inmates2651 Words   |  11 Pagescalled prisons. It was a belief that they would learn their mistakes, repent and rejoin societies as better people. On the contrary, what happened was the cultivation of an environment leading to the evolution of prison subculture. In a constant power struggle amongst nations, politicians and people within society, many fail to perceive or notice a battle of another sort. That is the battle of those trying to survive in an environment predominant with racism, hate, violence and gangs. Prison subcultureRead MoreInfluential and Sociological Aspects of Gangs: What Makes Individuals Want to Join Gangs?3113 Words   |  13 PagesInfluential and Sociological Aspects of Gangs: What Makes Individuals Want to Join Gangs? Magdaline Mouratides Sociology 100 Instructor Francisco Limá ½ ¹n November 29, 2011 Abstract The purpose of this research is to identify the sociological aspects and means in which individuals may use in order to affiliate themselves within a gang and their practices. The following research uses statistics and information given by police departments and the Department of Justice. I have searched for reasoningRead MoreSociological Theories and Gang Violence3259 Words   |  14 Pages SOCIALOGICAL THEORIES and GANG VIOLENCE Abstract The sociological analysis of gang membership explores the different types of effects that arise due to criminal involvement. Because of the social conflicts that are associated with gang membership, this paper will explore the different theories of social learning and both personal and control issues that relate to the recent surge in crime across Chicago. As we open the doors of a crime ridden society, the truth begins to unfold. It isn’tRead MoreKenya And The Kenyan Police Force1674 Words   |  7 PagesMuslims as violent extremists create ethnic and religious tensions, which encourage massive number of Muslim youths to continue getting radicalized. Considering the awareness of coastal communities about the role of Kenyan government about socio-economic deprivation, the local institutions are always incapacitated to address their security, employment, and education needs. This provides the violent extremists with opportunities to capitalize on the feelings of marginalizatio n and hopelessness amongRead MoreCollaboration For Deter Youth Gang Violence2203 Words   |  9 Pages Collaboration to Deter Youth Gang Violence Collaborative Project Final Report Douglas Immler, Tinamarie Knowlton, Jon Mast University of South Florida School of Public Affairs Author Note This project was prepared for PAD 6934 Collaborative Governance, taught by Professor Robin Ersing. Abstract In recent times, public officials, community groups and activists have expressed their concern over the growth of violence perpetrated by youth gangs. On their own, local governments

Polyphonic Hmi Mixing Math and Music Essay - 2305 Words

Executive Cover Memo Subject: Polyphonic HMI: Mixing Math and Music This is to recommend that Hit Song Science should market its product and services to record labels attempting to catch a larger share of the market. BACKGROUND Polyphonic HMI is preparing to launch Hit Song Science, which analyzes the mathematical characteristics of music compared to past music hits, making it possible to determine a song’s hit potential. Music characteristics can be analyzed by math such as melody, tempo, pitch, rhythm, etc. because hit songs have common mathematical properties. Polyphonic’s Hit Song Science could be valuable for three target markets: record labels, producers, and unsigned artists. There are benefits to marketing HSS to all†¦show more content†¦The advisory board and top managers are highly educated in physics, mathematics, and music. When they all work together they come up with knowledgeable business ideas. Customers: Establishing the target market is the focus of the case. There are different avenues they can venture down. The key is to figure out which will be generate sales more quickly and prove to be the most beneficial to the company. Polyphonic’s options are to market to the record labels, producers, or the unsigned artists. Collaborators: Polyphonic’s first idea was to market their technology of the HSS to retailers. The retailers would have stations in their stores so that people can rate songs. The problem was that they could not find a software company to work with. Competition: There are no other forms of technology that predict the successfulness of songs in the music industry. The current method used is producer’s gut feelings. Context: The music industry is rapidly changing. New hits and duds are released everyday. If record companies can better predict the successes of songs, they could save a lot of money from releasing songs that will not be charted. Defining Problem / Decision Area Polyphonic has several decisions to make before getting this project off the ground. The first decision that has to be made is who to target Hit Song Science toward.Show MoreRelatedPolyphonic Hmi: Mixing Music and Math749 Words   |  3 PagesPolyphonic Hmi: Mixing Music And Math 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT After failing at their first attempt to enter the music industry, Polyphonic HMI (hereinafter referred to as the â€Å"Company†), is releasing Hit Song Science (HSS), software used to predict future hit songs with 80% accuracy. An integrated marketing strategy, needs to be developed to launch an innovative product, in an industry typically known for â€Å"gut instinct† and therefore likely to meet strong customer resistance. Thus there are two keyRead MorePolyphonic HMI: Mixing Music and Math (Case Study Review) Essay1979 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Polyphonic HMI: Mixing Music and Math (Case Review) Abstract This paper is an analysis of a case study originally conducted by the Harvard Business School in August of 2005 and is based on the challenges of introducing a new technology into a market place that for decades been based on â€Å"gut feelings and intuition†. The new technology was initially designed to assist consumers in music stores find music that met a certain criteria. Later this was changed because of a sharp decline in musicRead MorePolyphonic2316 Words   |  10 PagesPolyphonic HMI : Mixing Music and Math Entertainment Management Situation Analysis Issue Deï ¬ nition Environment Analysis Strategy Options Choice Action Plan Situation Analysis Situation Analysis(External) So few songs actually become hits - Las Vegas gives you better odds than the Music Industry! You might as well just put a million dollars on red and spin the wheel... - Ric Wake, Independent Music Producer Entertainment Management : Polyphonic HMI : Mixing Music and Math

The Effects of Motivation on Work Free Essays

In a world of abundance filled with unmatched economic lows, there has never been a greater calling for the understanding of the effects of motivation in the workplace. We will look at motivation as the light needed to see positive change in our work life, the change necessary to improve the economic stature of our family and peers. Though motivation cannot be taught, it can be stimulated by an employer or an individual. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Motivation on Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stimulated in a way that creates the foundation to breed and exceed expectation. To understand why motivation plays such an important role in one’s career it is clearly definite we must understand the true meaning of the word and how it works in different forms. Motivation comes from the Latin root meaning â€Å"to move† (Wade Tavris, 2009). As if this root meaning is not enough to grasp the idea, Psychologists define motivation as the process of which a person or animal move toward a goal, or away from a negative situation (Wade Tavris, 2009). There is no difference in the way motivation works when we are trying to achieve within the workplace or the motivation to eat when we are hungry. The force it creates is the same though the desired need is different. Motivation is also broken down into two varying factors. These two factors of motivation must be understood because they influence our mentality of achieving or more so, why we choose certain aspects of following our motivations. Intrinsic motivation is the pursuit of an activity for its own sake whereas extrinsic motivation is the pursuit for external rewards (Wade Tavris 2009). We can see that motivation propels us in a way that we consciously and subconsciously move forward to attain what it is that we seek, and it also used to push or pull away from a situation that would be possess negative attributes to our motivations. We also know that motivation is influenced by different motives. In this research paper we will discuss motivation in the workplace, be it positive, negative, or null. We will also discuss some studies behind the thoughts of how we function mentally at work, to work, and for work. Working within a company that creates a positive mental attitude mantra is detrimental to the success of the company and well-being of the employee. Companies can launch campaigns to replicate motivation, but unless the companies approach is truly sincere and consistent the value is lost. In Douglas McGregor’s book, â€Å"The Human Side of Enterprise,† published in 1960, McGregor states that human beings have a natural dislike for work and avoid it if they can (McGregor, 2010). So if we as human beings dislike work in general, how could we ever become motivated? In Frederick Herzberg’s book, â€Å"The Motivation to Work,† Herzberg discusses how a workplace can create a motivating environment for its employees. He lists factors that result in motivation and dissatisfaction in the workplace. He calls them motivators and hygiene factors (Herzberg, 2002). We will discuss the hygiene factor later in this paper. The satisfying motivators he lists are as follows: achievements, responsibility, work itself, recognition, advancement, and growth (Herzberg, 2002). These factors provide positive motivation in the work place. His beliefs of how a company can motivate also include ideas such as when an employee shows the ability to take on more responsibility the company should honor the individual, that the company should work to utilize the full capability of the employee, and that if a person’s capabilities cannot be used the company should replace the individual to maintain the state of motivation in the staff (Herzberg, 2002). A company can try all that it can to motivate the work force, but what causes one employee to be more motivated than another in the same position. An individual’s positive motivation they bring to work each day can produce tremendous success in their career. Where does their desire come from? What makes one employee more motivated than others? These are two great questions that will assist in determining what fuels an individual to perform at work with non-motivational attempts by the company. There are several conditions that positively affect our individual motives for attaining success. One answer is goals. Goals are said to improve performance when three conditions are met: the goal must be specific, challenging yet achievable, and designed to gain what you want rather than what you don’t want (Wade Tavris, 2009). This means when someone knows exactly what they want, as long as it isn’t ridiculously out of reach, and they work in a direction that when completed provides maximum satisfaction, one will begin to perform better. A goal is just the vehicle of motivation, the vehicle requires the fuel of motivation to reach your destination. So in essence, goals breed motivation. There are two types of goals that assist in growing as a person. A performance goal is framed to do well in front of others, be judged respectfully, and avoid criticism (Wade Tavris, 2009). A mastery goal is designed to increase ones competency and skillset. (Wade Tavris, 2009) When these two goals are set into motion, our motivation is called upon and we will ultimately produce further success. Another factor that will cause motivation is very definition of the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factor (Wade Tavris, 2009). For example, a new car, new family home, sales contest, bonus, and advancement are all attributes that require an individual to become more motivated at work and produce greater results. Also in Frederick Herzberg’s book â€Å"The Motivation to Work,† he lists factors that create motivation within an individual to succeed at work as achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth (Herzberg, 2002). Motivation from within also can spawn from self-expectancy (Wade Tavris, 2009). When one expects to succeed, they work harder and become more motivated to work (Wade Tavris, 2009). In direct correlation to expectations is self-efficacy. Self-efficiency is the belief that he or she is capable of producing desired results, mastering skills, and achieving goals (Wade Tavris 2009). This too, cannot be taught. It is developed. We now see a relationship with how a company and an individual can produce motivation at work and why it is important. What we see is that it is the same basic process, but it all starts with an understanding that the person must be willing to both do and want greater results. There are also motivating factors that can discourage an employee at work. We will call this motivation, a negative motivation. As with all the factors that cause positive motivation, when their values are reversed negative motivation will occur. If there is no advancement opportunities, tasks are repetitive, the work in itself is not meaningful, there are poor relationships with superiors, or the worker does not feel appreciated then the motivation and overall mood of the individual turns awry (Herzberg, 2002). The â€Å"Hygiene Factor† we touched on earlier explains that the dissatisfaction one finds at work is a motivator buzz kill (Herzberg, 2002). He calls these dissatisfying factors hygiene because just as in health hygiene, these factors are maintenance factors (Herzberg, 2002). Maintenance factors are what we must do to avoid dissatisfaction (Herzberg, 2002). These factors include: company policy, problems with superiors, work conditions, salary, and problems with peers (Herzberg, 2002). These factors are directly related to the effect of the work environment. In summary, it seems when one has to work, to work, the mindset becomes negative about the specific job. As with detractors in the workplace, one can have detractors within themselves that are disturbing their ability to become motivated in a career. These detractors are feelings, emotions, and events in one’s personal life that are causing negative influence on their work mentality. Finances, time, family life, and lack of fulfillment are all negative factors that weigh against ones motivation. If one believes they are not following their dreams or living up to their full potential they will suffer, if one isn’t spending enough time with their family they will also suffer, and if one is struggling financially they will obviously have issues within themselves. Depression is another factor that can take away motivation. Depression causes the inability to function in several varying forms. These are just a few rationales as to why an individual may struggle to motivate themselves. When motivation is lost within the mental confines attributed to our career, whether individually or bred by the employer, one could become resistant to change, null to growth, and inconsistent in task. This makes it hard for one to complete daily tasks, yet alone go to work with the motivation achieve great results. However, motivation is a multifunctional psychological ability. Multifunctional because it can possess negative, positive, and null results. It can also produce an effect where one will work with the fear of losing their position. They will do what is necessary to maintain their status, all the while living with the fear of their comfort level changing. Working in this capacity causes a poor mental attitude both at work and at home. We have studied the multiple sides of the effects of motivation in the workplace. We found many common ideas, theories, and studies that associate both positive and negative motivation. For a workplace to provide a positive environment there are clearly defined structures to produce the desired outcome. As an individual, we must sincerely feel comfort, challenge, acceptance, and growth to become and remain in a motivated state. A tall list sure, but in order to grow as individuals these are all very important aspects that we must understand and be able to handle. In conclusion, motivation clearly affects each and every one of us in different ways, at different times, with unpredictable results. How to cite The Effects of Motivation on Work, Essay examples

Employability of Graduates of Bachelor of Science in Forestry of the Aurora State College of Technology, Sy 1998 †2006 free essay sample

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction The Aurora State College of Technology (ASCOT) has been mandated to offer Forestry course since it opened its doors to its first batch of 300 freshmen on June 6, 1994. It is a ladderized curriculum wherein Diploma course was granted to those who have successfully completed the required courses in the second curricular year while Bachelor degree was granted to those who have successfully completed the required courses till its fourth curricular year. The first batch of graduates in the bachelor degree have shown commendable performance and mark up the College potential in this field when four (4) out of twelve (12) graduates who took the Forestry Licensure Examination in June 1999 were able to pass it. Thus, on August 6, 1999, the Department of Forestry and Environmental Science was officially created by virtue of Board of Trustees Resolution No. 271. Every year, graduates took the licensure examination and some if not most passed it. This motivated the department head and its faculty to strengthen its course offering, manpower, resources, facilities and linkages. However, the location of the College campus wherein this course was offered contributed to decreasing enrollees every year. In the current academic years, enrollees starting to boost its number hence their department was transferred in the main campus bringing a much easier access to the students. Changes in the student population were noted due to the change of location. This claim is just one of the possible causes of the occurrence of declining student population in the course for the past year. Yet, no one is certain to claim that it is really is it. This leads to an idea of making a tracer study to know the where about of the graduates and to generate a sufficient proof in claiming that graduates from this course have really an employment opportunity in the society. Or this is the lacking reason why enrollees for the past years declined. Conceptual/Theoretical Framework According to Manansala (2003), searching employment is a survival system therefore she claimed that educational attainment is necessary. For her, being a graduate is the best tool however she disclosed that the degree received is not important in finding a job but the graduates’ eagerness to find a job. In this study, the researchers considered the employability of graduates in the degree of Bachelor of Science in Forestry (BSF) for the past nine (9) years as reflected by their ways of finding job, occupation, length of service, employment status, type of employer, employment destination, and monthly income. With the use of appropriate methodology, this information help the researchers ascertain the proportion of employed to unemployed graduates and be able to characterized the distinctions of employed graduates. Figure 1 shows the conceptual paradigm of the study. On the other hand, related information to the graduates that include their personal profile in terms of year graduated, gender, civil status and present educational attainment, the respondents’ considerations on the reasons for not being employed, the learning competencies useful in their job or needed in finding job, and the problems encountered in employment or in finding job were also considered as supporting evidences to their employability. Suggestions to improve their course were also asked to solicit experiential information from them. INPUTPROCESSOUTPUT Employment Data ways of finding job ooccupation olength of service oemployment status otype of employer oemployment destination omonthly income osurvey ostatistical analysis ointerpretation Employability (proportion of employed over unemployed and their distinction of being employed) Figure 1. The conceptual paradigm of the study Statement of the Problem This study attempted to determine the employability of BSF graduat es from school year 1998 to 2006. Specifically, this sought to answer the following questions: 1. How may the personal profile of the graduates be described in terms of a. ear graduated, b. gender, c. civil status, d. eligibility, and e. present educational attainment? 2. How may the respondents’ employment be described in terms of a. ways of finding job, b. occupation, c. length of service, d. type of employer, e. employment destination, and f. monthly income? 3. What are the respondents’ considerations as to a. reasons of being unemployed, b. useful learning competencies in job, and c. needed learning competencies in finding job? 4. What are the problems they encountered in employment or in finding job? . What are the respondents’ suggestions to improve the curricular offerings of their course? Significance of the Study The results of this study would be a means of realization and valuation of the following: Students. The results will give vital information to incoming enrollees that will aid in making a choice of what course to take. Likewise, results will serve as the baseline information to the current students in asserting extent of effort, dedication, preparation and determination to win their profession marketability in the future. Teachers. The information obtain from this study can give them a great opportunity to ascertain what learning skills and competencies should be inculcated to students that will boost their qualities and competencies needed in finding job. Parents. The findings of this study will help parents realize their role in guiding their children in their career choice. Also, they could be provided ideas regarding the possible strengths and weaknesses of the course their children incline with or they wanted for them. In this regard, they could support their children in making the needed preparations as they pursue their chosen career. School administrator. This will give them baseline information which they could utilize in formulating their supervisory plans and in revising curriculum. The results from this study could instill brilliant ideas in designing a curriculum best fitted in the needs of the society now and in the future thereby ensure marketability of the graduates which will include their activities and employment. Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study was limited only to the graduates in Bachelor of Science in Forestry (BSF) of the Aurora State College of Technology (ASCOT) during the school year 1998-2006. The main focus of this study was to determine the employability of graduates which include the personal profile of the respondents such as year graduated, gender, civil status, eligibility and present educational attainment, and employment profile such ways of finding job, occupation, length of service, employment status, type of employer, employment destination and monthly income. Graduates’ considerations as to reasons for being unemployed, useful learning competencies in job and needed learning competencies in finding job as well as the problems they encountered in employment or in finding job and their suggested improvement in the curricular offerings of their course were also noted. Definition of Terms To clearly understand some of the terminologies included in this study, the following terms were operationally defined: Employability refers to the proportion of employed to unemployed graduate respondents in and their distinction of being employed or the distinction of their employment. Employment pertains to information related to graduates’ current job such as ways of finding job, occupation, length of service, employment status, type of employer, employment destination and monthly income. Employment destination is the particular place where the respondents work. However as use in this study, this refers to the specified vicinity of workplace of the respondents, whether within their locality, within the province or outside the province. Employment status is the standing of the respondents in their present occupation, either permanent, temporary/contractual, job order or alike. Graduates refer to individuals who successfully completed the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Forestry (BSF) during the school year 1998 – 2006. Length of service pertains to the number of years the respondents have been employed. Monthly income is the amount of wage or salary received by the respondents in their present job per month. Occupation refers to the particular job or work of the respondents which were categorized based on the occupational standard classification of the National Statistics Office (NSO) such as Technician includes controller. Service worker includes protective service workers like security guard, police, army and firemen, and personal care service worker like social worker and tour guide. Professional includes life science professionals like forester, and teaching professionals like teachers. Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) includes Filipino individuals working outside the country which nature of job is unknown or unspecified. Trade worker includes painter. Machine operator includes driver. Supervisor includes project officer and foreman. Government official includes barangay official. Clerks includes customer clerk like cashier, and numerical clerk like typist, encoder, filer and alike. Laborer/unskilled worker includes helper. Managing proprietor includes businessman/businesswoman or vending related job manage and own by them. Personal profile pertains to the particular information about the graduates that includes their year graduated, gender, civil status, eligibility and present educational attainment. Respondents refer to the graduates of BSF under this study. Type of employer refers to the kind of company serving as the workplace of the respondents which are classified as government, private, non-government organization(NGO) or people organization (PO), self-employed and alike

The dramatic function of Ophelia in Shakespeares Hamlet. Essay Example

The dramatic function of Ophelia in Shakespeares Hamlet. Paper In William Shakespeares Hamlet the character Ophelia performs a very interesting and important role in the elaboration of the plot. Ophelia is a tragic victim, a common component of Shakespeares revenge tragedies and something that the audience would have come to expect. It is perhaps surprising that a vulnerable and frail character such as Ophelia could have the great impact on the play that she does. Understanding her reactions to the patriarchal society in which she lives through her relationships with the men in her life adds greater depth to the play. Her character is revealed through her interactions with Polonius, Laertes and Hamlet, and their characters in turn revealed through their relationships with her. Ophelia allows better understanding of Hamlets complex personality. Ophelia also highlights key themes of the play, including corruption, patriarchy and deception. Before her function can be analysed, Ophelias character must be understood. Shakespeare presents her as a character of weakness, one to respond to with pity and sympathy. She has been read in very different ways- as shown in the greatly varied portrayals of her in different films. The conventional view is that she is a pure and innocent victim, but another reading of her is that she is a clever, sexually experienced but somewhat confused and naive girl. I believe that Ophelia is the epitome of goodness, childlike and nai ve, and that it was Shakespeares intention to evoke sympathy for her. I think that she teeters upon the edge of adult knowledge, with those around her fighting to suppress her sexuality. She is not sexless and does demonstrate understanding of Hamlets bawdy language. We will write a custom essay sample on The dramatic function of Ophelia in Shakespeares Hamlet. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The dramatic function of Ophelia in Shakespeares Hamlet. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The dramatic function of Ophelia in Shakespeares Hamlet. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hamlet uses broad sexual innuendo, to which her response of you are naught, you are naught (III. ii. 148) reveals that she is offended by it, at once showing that she understands, but certainly disapproves of, his language. Her chaste nature is shown by Hamlet telling her to a nunnery go (III. i. 141) so that it can remain so. Throughout the play Shakespeares use of natural and floral imagery communicates her purity. On drowning, she is surrounded by a garland of flowers and at her funeral she is allowed her virgin crants (V. i. 233) and maiden strewments. Ophelia died while collecting flowers which are symbolic of innocence, fragility and purity. The hoar leaves which symbolise the silver-grey colour of age put emphasis on Ophelias youth and innocence. Long purples are given a grosser name by liberal shepards as the roots are phallic in appearance. Cold maids, innocent virgins, refer to them as dead mans fingers which has a phallic connection. This implies that Ophelia was a cold maid herself. Those who read Ophelia as disreputable point to Polonius disdain when she speaks like a green girl (I. iii. 101) which suggests that she is not entirely so. She understands the meaning of Hamlets lewd remarks regarding country matters. and a possible reading of Ophelias comments that Young men will dot / if they come tot, by Cock / they are to blame and before you tumbled me / you promised me to wed (IV. v. 59-62) is that there existed a sexual relationship between Ophelia and Hamlet. In her sexually explicit songs, the lyrics of which include let in the maid, that out a maid / Never departed more (IV. v. 52) the implication is that the girl in the song has lost her virginity. I do not think that in singing this Opelia refers to herself, but that her madness grants her freedom to express what she was unable to discuss before, her deep love and desire for Hamlet. I think there is a sexual aspect to the frustration which drives her insane. Hamlets harsh verbal abuse is almost entirely sexual, and her mad songs contain blatant sexual references. Ophelia suffers because of the avoidance of her own sexuality. It is suppressed only to emerge later in her mad ramblings. Ophelia is a submissive character whose personality can almost be summed up with her lines I shall obey, my Lord. and I do not know, my lord, what I should think. She is controlled by her father and brother and the audience is supposed to sympathise for her, as Polonius denies her independence of choice or action, telling her You do not understand yourself so clearly / as it behoves my daughter and your honour. Ophelias madness and its causes are key parts of the plot of the play. The murder of Polonius by Hamlet leads to Ophelias demise- she loses all of the men she loved and obeyed and her identity is dependent upon them to such an extent that in their absence she does not know how to live, and becomes insane. She has never been responsible for making decisions about how to live because her father and brother have always controlled her conduct. As Claudius acknowledges, her madness is the poison of deep grief / It springs all from her fathers death. (IV. v. 75) Hamlet has been responsible for her feelings- if he loves her, she is happy, and if he does not, she is not. It is through these relationships that she knows how to live, and in the absence of this direction she commits suicide. Shakespeare cleverly uses Ophelia to reveal aspects of other characters personalities which the audience may have otherwise not been appreciated. She affects the audiences response to the characters through language, interaction, comparison and contrast. One of the vital dramatic functions of Ophelia is to give insight into Hamlets character and situation. She gives Hamlets actions and thoughts greater significance. His personality is highly complex, but through Ophelia the audience are perhaps better equipped to begin understanding it. It is through her that the audience learn the depth of his sorrow, confusion, the extent of his sense of betrayal by Gertrude and his resulting distrust of women, and can better understand his tragic flaw. Her weakness and insanity provide contrast which illuminates his strength, nobility and sanity. Hamlets harsh treatment of Ophelia shows the extent to which his mothers betrayal has affected his attitude to women as well as the depth of his grief and confusion. Disgusted by Gertrude marrying Claudius so soon after his fathers death, Hamlet becomes distrustful of women, obsessed with the connection he believes exists between female sexuality and corruption. This is shown through Hamlets damaged relationship with Ophelia, whom, as a consequence of his mothers actions, he is incapable of trusting. He perceives Gertrudes sexual misconduct as moral pollution that destroyed his facility to love Ophelia, causing him to question are you honest? are you fair? (III. i. 103) He curses her for committing such an act / That blurs the grace and blush of modesty / Calls virtue hypocrite, takes off the rose / From the fair forehead of an innocent love / And sets a blister there (III iv 42- 45) The juxtaposition of the beautiful fragility of a rose, (perhaps symbolic of Ophelia) and the blister emphasises the extent of Hamlets damage. His mother causes his cursing of all women, O most pernicious woman! O villain, villain, smiling, damned villain! and made marriage vows as false as dicers oaths causing him to tell Ophelia that they will have no more marriages. Ophelia represents the innocence and virtue of women, so Hamlets wrongful distrust of her is tragic and emphasises what Gertrude has inflicted upon him. Polonius daughter provides contrast with Hamlet, clarifying that he is sane. He fakes madness in order to achieve revenge and for Shakespeare to maintain the audiences support of Hamlet, he must have them aware that Hamlets madness is not true. An insane hero would not be a hero at all and his fate of little interest. Shakespeare presents pure madness in Ophelia with her behaviour in act four, scene five. In her madness, her language lacks the form that Hamlets never ceases to exhibit. The Gentlemans description of Ophelia as indeed distract and her speech nothing precedes the audience seeing the change in her behaviour for themselves. This intensifies the focus on her when she enters singing incomprehensible songs, and puts emphasis upon her mad state. Laertes mourns that a young maids wits / Should be as mortal as an old mans life (IV. v. 157-158) and calls her A document in madness (IV. v. 174) She is divided from herself and her fair judgement (IV v 83-84) and the dramatic function of this is to give the audience a bearing upon Hamlets madness, which is merely an antic disposition; he is not in madness, but mad in craft. Claudius notes that what he spake, though it lacked form was not like madness. Ophelia turns to favour and to prettiness, whilst the opposite is true of Hamlets mad behaviour. Shakespeares creation of Ophelia aids the audiences understanding of Hamlet because their stories parallel one another. Similar pressures bear down on both characters, but their reactions differ. Both suffer the murder of their fathers and betrayal by loved ones. Ophelias reaction is simple, and highlights the complexity of Hamlets reaction to his situation. She falls into madness and (arguably) takes her own life. In contrast miserable Hamlet only contemplates suicide. This shows his strength (meeting audience expectations, for he is the hero of the play) by highlighting the difficulty of rising above insanity and suicidal urges, making his success more impressive. He faces a constant struggle not to lose grip on his capability and godlike reason (IV. iv. 38), not to let his heart lose its nature. As the audience is shown Ophelias failure at this task, they appreciate Hamlets strength in succeeding. He ponders on to be or not to be, but does not take his own life. Hamlets story shows the danger of madness and the potentially all-consuming nature of grief. Whether it was intended or not, Ophelias story adds power to this message. Ophelias character evokes the audiences sympathy for Hamlet. When Ophelia goes insane, symbolic of the breakdown of innocence, it highlights the corrupt and rotten nature of Elsinore which enables the audience to understand Hamlets rejection of that world. He is right to be disgusted as he is; his difficulty in accepting the cruel, false environment is evidence of his noble nature. The audience are then more likely to understand why Hamlet seeks to reimpose moral values on Elsinore, and support him. Furthermore, Ophelia encourages sympathy by giving insight into how different Hamlets nature was, prior to his fathers death. In her sad reaction to Hamlets madness O what a noble mind is here oerthrown! we see Hamlet as observed by her before he changed. She tells that he possessed noble and most sovereign reason, emphasising the extent of change he seems to have undergone. Her saying that he was once an incomparable prince, the glass of fashion and the mould of form, (III. i. 156) and an unmatched form and feature of blown youth (III. i. 162) but has now been blasted with ecstasy, only serves to make Hamlet all the more tragic. Ophelias description cannot fail to evoke sympathy for him, be he truly mad or not. In addition, it is Ophelias dramatic function to elucidate Hamlets tragic flaw- his indecisiveness and inability to act. This leads to his downfall, and it is vital that the audience appreciate this. He speaks of some vicious mole of nature Shall in the general censure take corruption from that particular fault, to show that one character flaw can corrupt the entire person. Hamlets inconsistent behaviour towards Ophelia demonstrates his inability to make up his mind. This leads to his delay in dealing with Claudius and thus his demise. It is highlighted in conversation with Ophelia, when he states I did love you once (III. i. 115) then I loved you not. Only when she is buried can he conclude I loved Ophelia. Unless he has no time to reflect (for instance, when he kills Polonius), he appears incapable of deliberate action. Ophelia lends insight into Hamlets flaw by mirroring it. She is an entirely passive character; any action she takes is merely a response to others actions. Rather than actively jumping, she simply did not attempt to rescue herself when the branch holding her broke. This inaction is as characteristic of Ophelia as it is of Hamlet. The exchange between Ophelia and Hamlet increases dramatic tension in the play. The realisation of Ophelias deceitfulness causes the terrible outburst of abuse as, adding to pre-existing feelings of betrayal by Gertrude, the other woman he loves has also let him down. Gertrude chose a brother over Hamlets dead father and now Ophelia chooses a father over Hamlet. She also pushes the plot along because his violent rejection of her; I loved you not convinces Claudius that he is not really mad for her love and so immediately he determines to send Hamlet to England. I think that even in his cruel treatment of Ophelia, she makes him a more sympathetic character. He refuses to listen to her and his harsh words I loved you not. (III. i. 119) Get thee to a nunnery. And (III. i. 121) you jig, you amble, and you lisp, and nickname Gods creatures, and make your wantonness your ignorance. Go to, Ill no more ont; (III. i. 146-48), far from being evidence of a spiteful nature, just confirms the depth of his sorrow and disturbance by recent events. As commented upon by critic A. W. Von Schlegel, Hamlet is too much overwhelmed with his own sorrow to have any compassion to spare for others. The fact he must forsake his love in order to appear insane and get his revenge is tragic. I think that Hamlet is truthful in later declaring I loved Ophelia but advises her to go to a nunnery to escape the torturous nature and corruptive power of love. He is being cruel to be kind, and his desire to protect her demonstrates his nobility. A nunnery would be a place where she could remain chaste and not be a breeder of sinners. Ophelia gives the personalities of other characters greater depth, and consequently improves the play. Her nature contrasts and therefore emphasises that of others. Claudius coldness is highlighted when she describes Hamlets madness using beautiful imagery, saying that it has sucked the honey of his music vows and as like sweet bells jangled out of tune and harsh. Hers is a pitying speech that contrasts greatly with Claudius abrupt and heartless reaction, which is emphasised when so easily compared to Ophelias. He simply dismisses the notion of love- his affections do not that way tend. (III. i. 165) There is a great contrast, too, between the characters of Polonius children. This serves to highlight the qualities of each; while Ophelia is connected to water and submissiveness, and told too much of water hast thou, Laertes is the opposite, with a bold nature likened to fire and blaze. Ophelia goes mad as the violence of grief is internalised and destroys her, but in contrast her brothers violence explodes outward- they enact the alternative responses to the power of grief. Ophelia reveals much about Polonius, whom it is important that the audience have an understanding of. She exposes his inconsiderate nature and disrespect for others, perhaps lessening the audiences readiness to sympathise with him upon his death. Ophelia is ruthlessly manipulated by her father. He extracts the details of Hamlets solicitings from her and proudly presents the love letter to Claudius. Hamlet beautifies Ophelia in it, yet Polonius calls it a vile phrase. He tells her he would not, in plain terms, from this time forth have you so slander any moment leisure as to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. Look tots, I charge you. Come your ways. (I. iii. 132-35) this highlights his controlling, egotistic nature. Polonius refers to the relationship as being like one of enemies, Hamlet being someone who Ophelia must protect herself from. Polonius makes decisions for his daughter without consideration of her feelings for Hamlet. His doubting of Hamlets intentions is perhaps more telling of his own disposition than of Hamlets; I think he judges Hamlet by his own standards. Polonius contempt for Hamlet is shown through Ophelia. The general implication is that romantic love is of no importance to Polonius. He is happy to manipulate Ophelia to his advantage. At the closing of the conversation, he hardly notices her distress and when he asks how now, Ophelia? / You need not tell us what Lord Hamlet said. / We heard it all (III. i. 178) it is clear that to him her consternation is inconsequential; what matters is the political implication of what he has witnessed.

Quotes from Philippine President Corazon Aquino

Quotes from Philippine President Corazon Aquino Corazon Aquino was the first woman to run for President in the Philippines. Corazon Aquino was attending law school when she met her future husband, Benigno Aquino, who was assassinated in 1983 when he returned to the Philippines to renew his opposition to President Ferdinand Marcos. Corazon Aquino ran for President against Marcos, and she won the seat despite Marcos attempt to portray himself the winner. Selected Corazon Aquino Quotations Politics must not remain a bastion of male dominance, for there is much that women can bring into politics that would make our world a kinder, gentler place for humanity to thrive in. It is true you cannot eat freedom and you cannot power machinery with democracy. But then neither can political prisoners turn on the light in the cells of a dictatorship. Reconciliation should be accompanied by justice, otherwise it will not last. While we all hope for peace it shouldnt be peace at any cost but peace based on principle, on justice. As I came to power peacefully, so shall I keep it. Freedom of expression - in particular, freedom of the press - guarantees popular participation in the decisions and actions of government, and popular participation is the essence of our democracy. One must be frank to be relevant. It has often been said that Marcos was the first male chauvinist to underestimate me. National leaders who find themselves wilting under the withering criticisms by members of the media, would do well not to take such criticism personally but to regard the media as their allies in keeping the government clean and honest, its services efficient and timely, and its commitment to democracy strong and unwavering. The medias power is frail. Without the peoples support, it can be shut off with the ease of turning a light switch. I would rather die a meaningful death than to live a meaningless life. Prime Ministers and Presidents About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote.

BUSSINESS ENVIRONMENT Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

BUSSINESS ENVIRONMENT - Thesis Example Tata Steel is the world’s sixth major steel manufacturing company. The company is commercially present in more than fifty countries and operates in more than twenty countries. The company was founded in Jamshedpur, India, in 1970 (Tata Steel, 2009). The company has extended its operation in investing in Millennium Steel (renamed Tata Steel Thailand), Corus (UK) and NatSteel Holdings (Singapore). The company has also extended its marketing and manufacturing network in Europe, the Pacific-rim countries and South East Asia. The company has the ability to manufacture over 30 million tones of crude steel every year. The company produces basic steel products and crude steel which is used in construction for the building through Tata BlueScope Steel, its venture with Australia’s BlueScope Steel (Tata Steel, 2009). The company’s external boundaries comprise of the political, economic, technological, legal and social boundaries in the market. The company has to take these challenges to seek maximum benefit from these boundaries. The economical condition for the steel industry in India was not that strong as compared to the economy of steel industry in other countries. But globalization made the economy of the country to grow as a result the steel industry in India also grew making Tata Steel to grow as it was the first private steel manufacturing industry in India and operating internationally with regard to the globalization policy. Tata Steel started to export in the foreign markets as well as venturing into the new market with collaboration and acquisition of different steel companies making the company grow in the world economy. History is evident that no other Indian steel company has developed and expanded as Tata Steel industry did. The company has huge capacity to produce enormous tone of steel for the world consumption making the company compete in the world as a

Clinical Pharmacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Clinical Pharmacy - Essay Example It is evident that besides balanced food that is given to the patient some other nutrient supplements facilitate in recovery and reduce the health related troubles that become devastating if deficiency is related with the nutrients required for the well being. Patients are getting variety and choice of nutrition feed because of the commercial availability of many products in the market. Many companies are coming up with a special protocol of feed and related illness. This enhances the awareness of patient about the kind of food essential to combat illness (Concern at nutrition in hospitals). Nutrition supplements are licensed products and can be provided as the sole source of nutrition. They may be prescribed on medical grounds for diverse ailments. Depending on the severity and class of sickness, the nutrition supplements can be taken. Hospitals play lead role in making the patient aware of the consequences if the nutrition is not provided in the desired quantity. Hospital staff must help the patient psychologically, the advantages and disadvantages of the feed type he has been introduced to. This not only prepares the patient mentally but patient also co-operates with the hospital staff. Keeping this in mind the present study is conducted to build an understanding towards the nutritional support products, their advantages and problems and the available products that patient can utilize for better and sooner recovery. Basically three types of feeds are given for diverse ailments these are: Sip feeds, Enteral (tube) feeds and TPN feeds. Sip Feeds Various policies are defined to prescribe Sip feeds or Oral Nutrition Supplements for Patients with poor nutritional status especially those having: Disease related malnutritione.g. Reduced appetite or experience difficulty in swallowing, in cancer of throat or gut. Short-bowel syndrome (SBS) Intractable malapsorption Pre-operative preparation of undernourished patients Proven inflammatory bowel disease Following total gastrectomy Dysphagia Bowel Fistulas CAP Dialysis (Nutrition support in adults) Importance of Sip feed: Help the patient to gain weight or avoid loss of weight. Help the patient to surmount weakness of tiredness Help the patient to take in adequate liquid. Help the patient to alleviate the pressure to eat Help the patient to drink enough when dietary supplements cannot. (Nutrition support in adults) Before prescribing Sip feed it is essential to assess nutritional status, BMI calculation and weight loss by using simple nutritional risk scoring system When prescribing sip feeds * Do try equipped standard food (by adding milk, butter, cheese or cream)as first line therapy (4weeks before stipulating sip feeds). * Ensure that all patients be given suitable dietary advice by a state-registered dietitian or suitable trained member of the primary health care team. * No long term use without regular monitoring and assessment * It should not exceed 500-600kcals daily unless under the care of a dietitian. * Ensure that supplements are not taken at meal times / after meals e.g. as a bedtime drink to avoid reduction in food intake. * It should not be given as the sole source of nutrition except in consultation with

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business plan - Essay Example Quality performance in the organization is also aimed at improving the overall performance of the company. If it is performing well, this entails that its productivity also increases. This will help the organization to operate viably in the long run. This will also help the company to attract more customers which can positively increase its market share. Performance management Performance management is defined as â€Å"an approach to managing employees which is concerned with planning employee performance, facilitating the achievement of work related goals and reviewing performance and these are seen as methods of motivating the workers in order to achieve their full potential in line with the organisation’s objectives.† (Spangenberg, 1994 as cited in Swanepoel, 1998). At Disney Restaurant, performance management will be an ongoing process which will involve planning, managing, reviewing, rewarding and development of performance of the employees. The aim of this particu lar strategy is to establish the level of performance of the employees. This will also help the management to implement measures that are designed to improve the performance of the employees. ... ewards and incentives can be used to motivate the employees to put optimum effort in their performance so that they can positively contribute to the productivity of the organization. At Disney Restaurant, this will be achieved through the use o a performance appraisal system. Basically, performance appraisal is a formal and systematic method that is used to investigate the job relevant strengths and weaknesses of the employees and it is also used to develop the performance of the workers (Swanepoel, 1998). The major aim of performance appraisal is to improve the performance of the employees and this method will be used to gather information about the employees who can be considered for rewards and incentives. This strategy of offering rewards and incentives is very effective in as far as performance improvement of the employees is concerned. If the employees are aware that they will get rewards from their outstanding performance, it can be seen that they will also put optimum effort in their work. This will also motivate other employees to work hard in their assigned tasks since they will also be anticipating to get rewards from their handsome work in the company. Daily management In order to effectively manage the employees as well as their activities at Disney Restaurant, the management will try to interact with the workers on a daily basis. An open communication channel will be implemented in the organization where the employees and their managers will constantly interact on a daily basis. One important aspect that ought to be taken into consideration by the management is to give feedback to the employees so that they know if they are performing within the expected standards in the organization. The managers should give the employees certain tasks and they will

Henri Fayol A Classical Management Administrative Theorist Commerce Essay

Henri Fayol A Classical Management Administrative Theorist Commerce Essay Classical approach techniques were founded in the early 1900s and is the foundation of many modern management theories. The classical approach concentrates solely on the economical and physical stance of an organisation. A classical management technique aims to investigate the operations within an organisation in order to improve efficiency. Henri Fayol is one of many classical management theorists who has created a 14 principle model, some of which included are, that workers are only motivated by money, encouraging a centralised organisation with lower subordinates and enable authority and responsibility. Furthermore another classical management theorist named Max Weber aimed to reduce bureaucracy using his Bureaucratic Management model which he developed in the late 1800s. Classical management theorists argue that other areas of classical management simply do not exist for example job enrichment and psychological needs of an individual. However a Modernist approach may be that a worker does not solely rely on money as a part of their motivation, non-financial methods of motivation are also favoured upon. For example building relationships within an organisation or managing emotions of workers. Organisations are becoming larger in scale and are beginning to operate in a variety of worldwide markets, managing change and its employees is becoming increasingly difficult therefore having to adapt to different management approaches in order to stay competitive, furthermore this leads back to whether the classical/modernist approach is still appropriate to this time and age. Essay Henri Fayol a classical management administrative theorist has developed 14 principles which give managers fundamental basic guidelines to follow. Centralisation has always been a favourable approach for organisations in the early 1900s. However due to the growing scale of organisations today, centralisation has become less favourable for large organisations, this is because they feel need to supervise and manage its large employee base. Henri Fayols studies show that centralisation should require a balance of centralisation and decentralisation. This balance allows change in the classical management era to be communicated effectively and also enables decisions to made from the upper hierarchy. However in modern organisations, various different types of hierarchy structures can be implemented inorder to suit the business needs. For example Flat structure and Matrix structure, the flat structure gives employees more decision making responsibility with fewer layers of management from the director to the worker, on the other hand a matrix structure has various management and supervisory layers from top to bottom. To an extent the classical approach for modern organisations has given a variety of choice of managing employees within an organisation based on their environment and size. Larger modern organisations may adopt a matrix structure inorder to allow them to monitor their employees effectively whereas smaller organisations may adopt a flat structure which enables change to be processed quicker. This to an extent shows the validity of the statement whether a classical approach is no longer suitable to existing organisations and change. Henri Fayols theory on a balanced hierarchy shows importance of a changing hierarchical model. However American modernist named Melville Dalton argued in his management studies that power and decision making can be spread amongst lower ranking employees instead of having managers to make decisions on their behalf in any hierarchy model. the increasing size of modern organizations and the increasing complexity of the problems with which they have to deal makes technically impossible the participation of the rank and file in the making of decisions. (lilt.ilstu.edu, 1998) This quote also shows that larger organisations find it increasing difficult to implement decisions and change. On the other hand another classical management theorist named Max Weber believed that organisations should have a well-defined hierarchy, a clear division of labour, rules and regulations, impersonal relationships between managers and employees, competence and records. To an extent some of Max Webers theory still exists in 21st century management. In modern organisations numerous amounts of rules, regulations and company policies exist which help prevent employees from carrying out unlawful duties internally and consequences relating to those actions. Rules and regulations within an organisation help prevent change from occurring to an extent, an example of this is legislation the Data Protection Act 1998 may prevent employees from misplacing sensitive information within the workplace therefore rules and regulations within an organisation to an extent are good practice measures for maintaining standardisation. Rules and regulations to an extent also can contribute to significant change within an organisation, for example new health and safety legislation or even employee law. To an extent some these models shows that the fundamental basics have been further developed from classical and modern theorists in order to adapt to business requirements. Furthermore during the 1885 1915 Scientific management was developed by Frederick Taylor, sometimes known as the father of scientific management, scientific management was aimed at improving the processes of an organisation. Scientific management theories aimed at improving employee productivity using time and motion studies, for example using larger shovels in order to reduce the amount of stops between A and B. Frederick Taylor also found in his studies that non-incentive wage systems allowed lower productivity as workers that are receiving the same wage regardless of the output. Non-incentive wage systems encourage low productivity if the employee will receive the same pay regardless of how much is produced, assuming the employee can convince the employer that the slow pace really is a good pace for the job. (netmba.com, 2003)  this quote also shows that employees tried to dodge the time and motion study in fear that employers will set new time benchmarks. In modern day organisations minimum wage legislation has also been introduced, this therefore limits the productivity of its employees; however organisations are now implementing targets and bonus incentive schemes which allow workers to earn above their minimum wage. This shows although scientific management and classical management differ, organisations are trying to adapt to various different management theories which allow them to maximise their performance. On the other hand Simon Herbert who is a modernist questioned rationality within an organisation, as an expert in the administration field Herbert identified areas in which decision makers can align rationality and judgement against organisational goals. Simon Herbert has divided rationality into six different areas, some of which are 1.Objectively rational if, in fact, it is the correct behaviour for maximising given values in a given situation. 2. Subjectively rational if it maximises attainment relative to the actual knowledge of the subject and 3. Personally rational if it is oriented to the individuals goals. (Brown, 2011)  However although this may be beneficial for decision makers Herbert assumes that decision makers already possess the knowledge required and often dismisses knowledge of their alternatives. Herbert also outlined the human capacity of processing as a limitation of rationality and also identified conflicting options for decision makers. To an extent this modernist theory is no longer suitable to modern organisations to-date as it requires decision makers to require knowledge of their alternatives, can contain incomplete information and related consequences to the decision. However some of Herberts theory on bounded rationality may be more relevant to modern organisations and change as rationality is affected by limited resources to deal with complex decisions, limited information and limited time. netmba.com. (2003).  Frederick Taylor Scientific Management. Available: http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/scientific/. Last accessed 25th Oct 2012. Brown, Reva. (2011).  Consideration of the origin of Herbert Simons theory of satisficing (1933-1947).  Available: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0025-1747volume=42issue=10articleid=865543show=html. Last accessed 28th Oct 2012. thethrivingsmallbusiness.com. (2012).  7 Advantages to Writing Business Policies and Procedures.  Available: http://thethrivingsmallbusiness.com/articles/7-advantages-to-writing-business-policies-and-procedures/. Last accessed 19th Oct 2012. lilt.ilstu.edu. (1998).  Oligarchic theories.  Available: http://lilt.ilstu.edu/rrpope/rrpopepwd/articles/bureacracy2.html. Last accessed 19th Oct 2012.

Use of Dialogue in The Sun Also Rises :: Hemingway Sun Also Rises Essays

Use of Dialogue in The Sun Also Rises The remarkable thing about the book was its liberal use of dialogue and how Hemingway used it to carry the reader through the book. There was no plot in the book in the sense that there was no twists, intrigue, or goals for any of the characters and the dialogue was the only thing that moved the reader through the book. Hemingway used so much dialogue that it was difficult at times to follow who was saying what, but I believe this didn't matter because any of the characters, except for maybe Jake, could have been carrying on those conversations. I say anyone except Jake because he was different than all the other characters in more ways than just being the narrator. He obviously had received a wound from W.W.I that caused him to be sexually scarred and thus set him apart from anyone else. Jake seemed to be an observer who was watching the lives of his friends unfold and happen around him, but without his participation. I read that Hemingway had purposely re-written the book in first person and this was probably to spell out that Jake was an observer and was thus aware of what was written on the pages. There is a scene towards the end of the book where Jake finds all of his friends eating at a restaurant and thinks to himself that he is too far behind to catch up. Jake always seems behind, or at least only a marginal player put so in his position because of his injury. He must have had relations with Brett before the injury and was a "player" before it, so this leads to the assumption that Jake purposely removed himself from being a participant. As I was reading I was trying to make connections and read into the story to try